Think global, act local: rethinking UK university global engagement

By Dr Cheryl Yu & Dr Mark Edwards

Over the past two decades, UK universities have taken different approaches to transnational education (TNE): from establishing franchise or validation partnerships, to opting for the higher-risk International Branch Campus (IBC) model. In recent years, IBC developments have accelerated rapidly.

The trend is clear: TNE is no longer a peripheral activity within global engagement. For many universities, it has become integral. With renewed focus on IBCs and wider TNE growth, alongside increasing pressures on international recruitment and the complexities of global student mobility, universities are rethinking how to embed TNE –, especially IBCs –, within their operations to achieve efficiency and strategic global impact.

From duplication to integration

Traditionally, many IBCs were set up as extensions of the respective UK campus. Processes were often duplicated or ‘bolted on’ to existing systems, creating inefficiencies, higher costs, and limited integration. This approach also tended to generate tensions between centralised UK operations and the realities of branch campuses.

Today, however, universities are recognising that a

Global recruitment reimagined

An anecdote illustrates the challenge: a parent in Mauritius once met two recruitment representatives from the same university, but from different campuses. This not only created confusion for the parent but also highlighted duplication of effort within the institution.

At present, recruitment for the UK campus and for branch campuses is often managed by different teams, sometimes competing with one another to meet departmental targets. With the growing number of IBCs, this fragmented approach has become increasingly inefficient.

However, a more effective model is emerging: a global office with regional hubs. In this system, regional hubs serve all campuses with local expertise, balancing global branding and consistency with market-specific knowledge. Regional recruitment teams can reduce travel costs, respond quickly to local market shifts, and build deeper relationships with partners while remaining part of an institution-wide strategy that benefits both the UK and global branches.

Anyone familiar with the internal politics of universities will have seen departmental priorities often take precedence over institutional goals. Unless the structure is deliberately designed to deliver institution-wide benefits, duplication and competition will persist. The hub model addresses this by aligning incentives and ensuring that recruitment functions operate in support of the broader institutional mission rather than departmental silos.

Governance for balance

A successful IBC cannot operate as a satellite campus or disconnected outpost. This is especially true as some universities now operate a network of branch campuses. Its effectiveness depends on both governance structures and leadership capabilities of local management. Sometimes inefficiencies are not structural per se, but rather the outcome of cultural differences or personal capabilities, rooted in the dynamics of local leadership and their ability to secure resources and advocate for the branch.

Effective governance requires

This dual accountability helps maintain academic quality, relevance, and reputation, while preventing duplication and fragmentation across the institution.

Ultimately, effective governance is about balance: balancing central oversight with local autonomy, global aspirations with regional realities, and uniform standards with contextual flexibility. Institutions that achieve this balance can operate as truly global universities, rather than as organisations with a patchwork of disconnected international operations.

Global staff and students ecosystems

An IBC is not simply a replica of the home campus; it must embed the local context across staffing, teaching, research, and industry engagement. Still, successful examples show that long-term impact requires visible internationalisation, which includes international staff working alongside local colleagues to create a genuinely international environment.

Equally important is staff development. Both local and international staff require support, not necessarily ‘training’, to deliver the UK curriculum with local relevance, and balance the global with local requirements and dynamics.

This involves more than induction and initiation workshops. Effective staff development should be continuous and multi-layered, covering academic skills, curriculum design, quality assurance, intercultural competence, and leadership training. When supported effectively, staff development enables both international and local staff to become co-creators of a global education environment – academically rigorous, locally relevant, and internationally distinctive.

Another appeal of IBCs is their increasing ability to recruit international students from neighbouring countries. For students, IBCs create opportunities for mobility across campuses, often allowing for seamless student exchange within the same institution. This deepens cultural awareness, enhances teaching and research collaboration, and makes international education a lived reality rather than a limited study-abroad option.

The benefits of mobility between campuses are felt by staff and students at both UK and international campuses. If delivered effectively (logistics, bureaucracy and timing) and attractively (accommodation, simplicity and cost) this offer of within-institution global mobility is likely to become a powerful selling point of many universities’ domestic recruitment strategies.

Research and industry engagement

While learning and teaching have traditionally been the primary focus of IBCs, their next stage of development lies in research and industry engagement. Host countries do not invite IBCs solely to educate local students – they expect them to contribute directly to national innovation systems, economic growth, and skills gaps.

Successful IBCs are therefore embedding research-informed teaching and industry collaboration into their mission. By working with local businesses, governments, and research organisations, branch campuses can drive knowledge transfer, address region-specific challenges, and co-create solutions with tangible societal impact.

At the same time, international research collaboration through IBCs enriches the home campus’s research agenda. Partnerships abroad generate new funding streams, broaden access to unique datasets, and open avenues for comparative or regionally focused studies. This not only boosts the quantity of outputs but also enhances their impact, strengthening both global rankings and international reputation.

Ultimately, embedding research and industry engagement transforms IBCs from teaching outposts into

Towards a truly global university

The rise of IBC signals a redefinition of global engagement. No longer peripheral, they are becoming strategic pillars of UK universities’ internationalisation strategies. The next phase of IBC development requires universities to move beyond replication and pursue globally integrated yet locally embedded operations. Efficiency, cultural sensitivity, and collaboration must replace duplication and competition.

A successful IBC is not merely a branch. It is part of a globally connected institution that delivers internationalisation in practice. By embracing regionally grounded strategies aligned with global ambitions, UK universities can ensure that IBCs strengthen their role as engines of innovation, access, and collaboration in higher education.

In short, UK universities must continue to think global, act local, building campuses that reflect both their global aspirations and the local realities of higher education in the 21st century.

Disclaimer: this blog was originally published at UUKI website, and accessible at: https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/universities-uk-international/insights-and-publications/uuki-blog/think-global-act-local-rethinking-uk